Wild camping

Table of contents

• 1. Wild camping: definition

• 2. Wild camping in Germany

  • 2.1. What the law says

  • 2.2. Wild camping ban: special zones

  • 2.3. The rules in different federal states

    • 2.3.1. Where it is allowed

    • 2.3.2. Where strict rules apply

• 3. Where wild camping is allowed: Europe

  • 3.1. Northern Europe

  • 3.2. Southern Europe

  • 3.3. Eastern Europe

• 4. Wild camping alternatives

  • 4.1. VanSite

  • 4.2. Campsite

  • 4.3. Bivouac and trekking camp

• 5. Tips for a packing list

• 6. Summary

What is wild camping?

Wild camping means away from the usual campsites spending the night in the open countryside. Unlike traditional camping on designated sites, wild camping the freedom to camp right in the wilderness.

Whether with a caravan, motorhome, car (roof) tent or sleeping bag under the open sky, the experience is intense and close to nature. But there are important rules and laws to be aware of. In many countries, wild camping is only allowed under specific exceptions, because protecting nature takes priority.

Wild camping requires respect for the environment and behaviour in harmony with nature. It is essential that wild campers leave no trace, and keep their camp clean. Those who follow these rules can enjoy the adventure in the wilderness.

In this article you will get an overview of wild camping options in different parts of Europe and at certain locations in Germany.

Image by Jacob Smith on Unsplash |

Wild camping in Germany

The legal situation

Wild camping in Germany is generally prohibited. Under the Federal Nature Conservation Act, spending the night in the open countryside without the explicit permission of the landowner is not permitted.

Especially in nature reserves, national parks and landscape conservation areas strict rules apply. Anyone who breaks a rule risks heavy fines.

There are, however, some exceptions: In most federal states, bivouacking, i.e. spending the night without a tent, is allowed under certain conditions. You can also camp legally by obtaining permission from authorities or landowners. Given the different rules in each state, it is important to find out about the local regulations beforehand.

Important wild camping prohibited zones in Germany

In Germany wild camping is in many zones strictly prohibited. Particularly in protected areas, strict rules apply to preserve nature. These are the most important prohibited zones:

Nature reserves: These areas protect sensitive ecosystems and rare animal species. Wild camping is almost always strictly forbidden here to avoid disturbing or damaging the flora and fauna. Violations can lead to heavy fines.

National parks: These large-scale protected areas are known for their particular ecological value. Overnight stays in the open countryside are prohibited to protect the unspoilt landscape and wildlife. Significant fines also apply for violations here.

Landscape conservation areas: These zones are less strictly protected than national parks and nature reserves, but wild camping is still prohibited here too. The rules serve to protect the scenic beauty and recreation.

Private land: Without the explicit permission of the owner, camping here is not permitted. Entering and spending the night without permission can be prosecuted as trespassing.

The legal situation in Germany includes heavy fines if you are found in these prohibited zones. It is therefore important to find out about the exact rules for each location beforehand and to use legal options such as VanSite pitches .

Wild camping in different federal states

Federal states where wild camping is allowed

A few states in Germany make exceptions and allow forms of wild camping under certain conditions. Here is a brief overview:

Brandenburg: In this federal state, for example, hikers may pitch their tent for one night. On private land this is, however, prohibited, and strict rules apply in nature reserves.

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: In this federal state too, hikers may pitch their tents for one night, but only outside nature reserves and private land. Overnight stays in forests are only allowed with the consent of the forest owner.

North Rhine-Westphalia: In NRW similarly strict rules apply, and your only option is to stay overnight on private land by obtaining the landowner's permission. One option for trekking fans is the Hohes Venn-Eifel Nature Park. There are special trekking pitches available for a small fee.

Image by Alfred Lichtenauer on Pixabay |

Saxony: In the Saxon Switzerland climbers and hikers can "Boofen". This is a form of free overnight camping under natural rock overhangs. But caution: in 2024 this type of wild camping was temporarily banned to protect breeding animals. It is therefore worth checking the current situation in advance.

Schleswig-Holstein: The initiative "Wildes Schleswig-Holstein" offers spots at more than 30 locations specifically designated for legal overnight stays in nature. This offer is aimed specifically at hikers and cyclists.

These exceptions give nature lovers the chance to enjoy wild camping in Germany legally and responsibly.

Federal states with strict rules and bans

Most German federal states regulate wild camping strictly or ban it outright. Here is an overview of the regions with the strictest rules:

Bavaria: Wild camping is strictly prohibited in the federal state of Bavaria, particularly in wildlife protection areas and in national parks. Camping and parking motorhomes outside designated campsites is also not permitted. Violations are punished with heavy fines that can reach up to 2,500 euros.

Image by Markus Spiske on Unsplash |

Baden-Wurttemberg: wild camping is also strictly regulated here. The nature protection law prohibits overnight stays in the open countryside without the landowner's permission. Even in forests, camping and parking motorhomes without permission is prohibited.

Lower Saxony: According to the Lower Saxony Forest and Landscape Act, wild camping is generally not permitted. Violations can result in heavy fines.

Hesse: In Hesse, wild camping without the landowner's permission is not permitted. The ban applies to both tents and parking motorhomes. Heavy fines are possible here too.

Saarland: Wild camping in Saarland is only permitted with the landowner's consent. This applies to both camping and parking motorhomes. Violations are subject to fines.

Thuringia: Without permission from the relevant authority or the landowner, wild camping in Thuringia is prohibited. This applies to forests, nature reserves and private land alike. Violations face heavy fines.

In these regions of Germany, campers are better off turning to options such as VanSite pitches to stay on the safe side and overnight legally. What other options are available to you, we present further down in the article. It is important to follow the relevant regional regulations and to respect nature.

Wild camping in Europe

Here you can find out everything about well-known wild camping spots in Europe.

Northern Europe

Wild camping in Northern Europe is particularly appealing, as some countries here have very liberal rules and offer breathtaking landscapes. Particularly worth mentioning is the right to roam, which applies in many Scandinavian countries and allows wild camping.

Austria: The rules for wild camping in Austria vary from state to state. For example, in Upper Austria it may be permitted under certain conditions, while in Lower Austria it is strictly banned. Click here for more information about wild camping in Austria.

Switzerland: In Switzerland there is no uniform regulation for wild camping. The laws vary depending on canton and municipality. Unlike many other European countries, wild camping in Switzerland is also not generally prohibited. However, there are restrictions. To avoid running into these, it is best to check the exact regulations of the relevant region in Switzerland before your trip. Click here to find out more about wild camping in Switzerland.

Sweden: In Sweden the right to roam (Allemansratten) applies, which allows camping almost anywhere in nature, as long as you respect the environment. This includes overnight stays in forests, meadows and by lakes. However, open fires are only permitted at designated fire sites, and stricter rules often apply in national parks. Find out more about wild camping in Sweden.

Image by Noah Holm on Unsplash |

Norway: Similar to Sweden, the right to roam in Norway allows camping in nature for up to two nights at the same spot. Here too it is important to keep a minimum distance of 150 metres from occupied homes and not to disturb nature. Special rules may apply in national parks.

Finland: In Finland too the right to roam, which permits overnight stays in the open countryside. Particularly popular are the many lakes and forests, which offer ideal conditions for wild campers. Open fires are only permitted at certain spots, and protected areas have additional rules.

Notes and tips: In the three Scandinavian countries wild camping is possible, but as a rule only without a motor vehicle, for example with a tent. You should also pay attention to agriculturally used areas respect them and stay away from settlements and protected areas. With a motorhome or campervan there is often the option of parking on the roadside or at rest areas.

Denmark: Wild camping in Denmark is generally not permitted, neither with a tent nor in a motorhome. Overnight stays outside official pitches and campsites can result in fines. An exception is around 1,000 designated bivouac sites, which are mostly intended for hikers and cyclists. For campers, nature-close pitches via VanSite are a good option. Find out more about wild camping in Denmark.

Iceland: In Iceland, wild camping outside designated campsites is generally permitted, as long as you stay outside settlements and agriculturally used areas. The unique landscape of volcanoes, geysers, and waterfalls makes wild camping here a special experience. Rules are stricter in national parks and protected areas.

Scotland: Although not technically part of northern Europe, Scotland is worth mentioning here too, as it has similarly liberal rules. The Scottish Outdoor Access Code allows camping in nature, as long as you respect the environment and take your rubbish with you. In some heavily visited areas such as Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park there are, however, restrictions.

Northern Europe offers wild campers rare chances to experience nature up close without breaking the law. That said, it's always worth checking the specific rules of the country and region you're in, so you can respect both the environment and others' rights.

Southern Europe

In southern Europe, the rules on wild camping are often stricter than in northern Europe. It's important to check the national and regional rules in each country. Here are some specifics for popular southern European destinations:

Italy: Italy has a strict ban on wild camping, especially in tourist areas and along the coast. Inspections are frequent and violations can result in heavy fines. In more remote areas you can sometimes stay with the permission of the landowner or at spots set up specifically by local municipalities, but always check in advance and get the necessary permits. Find out more about wild camping in Italy.

France: Wild camping in France is strictly prohibited. Getting caught, especially in national parks, on beaches, and in nature reserves, can be expensive. A good alternative is Aires de Camping-Car (official motorhome pitches) or nature-close pitches via VanSite. Find out more about wild camping in France.

Spain: The country has varying rules that differ from region to region. Wild camping is banned in many tourist areas and national parks. In less touristy regions it can sometimes be possible to camp with the permission of the landowner or local authorities.

Portugal: Wild camping in Portugal has been permitted again since 2021, but only under strict conditions. You may not stay longer than 2 days in one spot, and camping remains banned in protected areas such as Natura 2000 areas. Fines for violations are steep here too. Find out more about wild camping in Portugal.

Image by Bernardo Ferreria on Pixabay |

Greece: Wild camping in Greece is officially prohibited, especially in national parks, archaeological sites, and tourist areas. In remote areas, however, wild camping is sometimes tolerated in remote areas, as long as you behave respectfully and leave no trace.

Croatia: Wild camping in Croatia is also prohibited, especially along the coast and in tourist areas. There are, however, many official campsites that offer good alternatives. In remote inland areas you can sometimes camp with the landowner's permission.

In southern Europe, take particular care and always check the current laws and regulations.

VanSite pitches, official campsites, and trekking camps offer safe and legal ways to enjoy the outdoors without breaking the law.

Eastern Europe

In eastern Europe, the rules on wild camping are often stricter than in northern Europe, though some countries take a more relaxed approach. Here are some specifics for various eastern European countries:

Poland: Wild camping is generally banned here and strictly enforced. One option is overnight stays in designated forest areas. Campers may stay there for a maximum of two nights. Larger groups must register in advance. In national parks and other protected areas, wild camping remains banned.

Czech Republic: Wild camping in the Czech Republic is generally prohibited, especially in national parks and protected areas.

Hungary: Wild camping in Hungary is also prohibited. Camping is only permitted on official sites. In some remote rural areas you can camp with the landowner's permission, but always ask first.

Slovakia: Wild camping in Slovakia is strictly regulated and prohibited in most national parks and protected areas. However, there are designated bivouac sites in the mountains where hikers can spend the night. These spots are usually basic and offer only minimal facilities.

Image by detait on Pixabay |

Slovenia: In Slovenia, wild camping is national parks and protected areasstrictly prohibited. In other regions it may be permitted with the landowner's consent. Slovenia has plenty of trekking camps that work well as alternatives.

VanSite pitches Slovenia

Romania: In Romania, wild camping is generally permitted as long as you stay outside protected areas and national parks. The Carpathians and the Danube Delta region offer impressive landscapes for campers. That said, it is always worth checking local regulations and treating the natural environment with care.

Bulgaria: In Bulgaria, wild camping is prohibited, especially in national parks and along the coast. In remote rural areas, camping with the landowner's permission is often possible. There are also many official campsites that provide a good alternative.

Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: These Baltic states have rules similar to northern Europe. Wild camping is permitted in many public forests as long as you stay outside national parks and protected areas. Estonia in particular offers plenty of opportunities for legal wild camping.

Alternatives to wild camping

Staying at VanSite pitches

VanSite offers a legal and comfortable alternative to wild camping. With over 3,000 pitches across Europe campers can enjoy the feeling of wild camping and a connection with nature without breaking the law.

VanSite pitches range from idyllic farms and alpaca camping to hidden spots in the middle of the forest. This variety lets you experience nature up close on a small budget while camping safely. Our pitches are carefully selected and offer something unique for nature and camping enthusiasts. This is how wild camping possible in a legal way.

Campsites

These sites are a popular alternative to wild camping, as they often include convenient facilities such as swimming pools and amenities. Many of these sites have sanitary facilities, electrical hook-ups and recreational facilities, making them ideal for families and those who prefer more comfort. These advantages often come with a higher price tag, and during peak season the best spots fill up fast.

Anyone who still wants the comfort should book early and expect a bit more hustle and bustle. Despite the higher costs, these sites offer a safe and comfortable way to enjoy nature.

Bivouacking and trekking

Bivouacking and trekking are exciting alternatives to wild camping that offer an intense experience in nature. Bivouacking means sleeping outdoors without a tent , often just with a sleeping bag under the open sky. This type of overnight stay is permitted in many areas where pitching a tent is not.

Trekking camps are specially designated spots in nature that allow hikers and adventurers to set up camp for one or two nights. These camps have minimal facilities and are often located in breathtaking landscapes.

Image by Hendrik Morkel on Unsplash |

The laws and regulations for bivouacking and trekking vary considerably by region and country. It is therefore important to check local rules beforehand to avoid problems and to respect the natural environment.

These active camping options allow for an experience close to nature that approaches wild camping but is often more legal and environmentally friendly.

Packing list for spending the night in nature

A well thought-out packing list is essential for a safe and enjoyable time outdoors. Here are the most important things to bring:

• Tent or bivouac bag: A lightweight, weatherproof tent or bivouac bag protects against the elements and helps you sleep well.

• Sleeping bag and sleeping mat: A warm sleeping bag and an insulating mat are important for sleeping comfortably even in cooler temperatures.

• Cooking equipment: A lightweight camp stove, a pot and cutlery let you prepare hot meals without having to carry too much.

• Food and drinking water: Enough provisions and water for the full duration of your trip are essential. Don't forget easy-to-carry, nutritious snacks.

• Clothing: Weatherproof, warm clothing and a change of clothes are important for adapting to changing weather conditions.

• First aid kit: A compact first aid kit should always be with you to deal with minor injuries or emergencies.

• Navigation: A map, compass or GPS device helps you find your bearings and your way in the wilderness.

• Headlamp: A headlamp with extra batteries is useful for getting around safely in the dark.

• Rubbish bags: Use rubbish bags to take your waste back with you and keep nature clean.

• Sun protection and insect repellent: These protect you from sunburn and insect bites that could spoil your experience.

• Toiletries: Toilet paper, wet wipes and a toothbrush are essential for basic hygiene even when you're out in nature.

This packing list will help you head into nature well prepared and make your adventure safe and comfortable.

Conclusion: wild camping

Wild camping offers an unrivalled experience in nature, where freedom and adventure take centre stage. It is essential, though, to respect the laws in each region to avoid legal trouble and protect nature.

Alternatives such as VanSite pitches, campsites and trekking camps offer legal and often comfortable options that preserve the feeling of wild camping. A well thought-out packing list ensures you set off on your adventure well prepared and can enjoy nature responsibly.

Ultimately, it comes down to experiencing nature with respect, leaving no trace and preserving the unique beauty of nature. That way you can create unforgettable moments under the open sky and enjoy the magic of camping to the full.